Sony DPF-D70 7-inch Digital Photo Frame

>> Sabtu, 06 Desember 2008

Product Description


From the Manufacturer

Now you can display your digital photo collection in breathtakingly vivid color--on a Sony Digital Photo Frame. Choose from a variety of slide show options, and watch your photo memories come to life on this stylish frame. And when not displaying images, you can set it to one of its clock or calendar modes--making it a great addition to any home or office.


Sony DPF-D70 Highlights
Easy two-step operation. The S-Frame offers easy, convenient operation for all users. All you need do is follow a simple two-step procedure: First, shoot a photo and save to memory; second, insert the memory media into the S-Frame and enjoy your photos..

Enhance your photo enjoyment effortlessly
*Full-function remote control All the functions of the S-Frame can be operated by the compact remote control that provides maximum functionality with amazing ease of use. There are no complicated set-up or difficult operating procedures with the S-Frame.
*One-button control The "View Mode" button, on both the remote control and main body, provides simple and convenient functionality. Simply pressing this one button lets you switch view options within each of the four display modes: Slideshow, Index, Still image, and Clock & calendar. For example, you can switch from "single," "multi-image," "clock," or "calendar" to "random" view in Slideshow mode, and from "analogue" to "digital" in Clock mode.

Multi-format card slot The multi-format card slot supports a wide range of memory cards such as Memory Stick, Memory Stick Duo, SD, MMC, CompactFlash, Microdrive, and xD-Picture Card. This enables a simple plug-and-play display of images shot on most digital cameras. M2, miniSD and MicroSD are compatible via an adaptor.

Automatic rotation of images The photo frame automatically rotates images to their proper orientation. Images are also automatically rotated when the photo frame is set in either the portrait or landscape position.

True-to-life detail Every nuance of the original image is faithfully reproduced on the S-Frame thanks to the high-quality WVGA LCD. The 1.15 megapixel high-definition Clear Photo LCD renders tremendously detailed, realistic images that have vivid colors and contrast, and a sense of naturalness so real that you feel you could reach into the photo and touch what you see.

Fit to screen, or full image--it's your choice The S-Frame offers both fit-to-screen and full-image modes. In fit-to-screen mode, the aspect ratio of the image is adjusted so that the image fills the entire screen. In full-image mode, the image is displayed in the original horizontal-to-vertical ratio, surrounded by margins on all four sides. The DPF-D70 offers a 16:9 aspect ratio.

Future camera milestone ready The S-Frame can display images of up to 48 megapixels, which supports most compact and DSLR cameras, a significant design breakthrough realized by the foresight of Sony--a leader in the digital imaging industry.


Handles large data files The S-Frame can also handle data files up to 100MB in size. This means that image files that have been edited on a PC, which tends to increase file size, can be displayed smoothly
Room for all your memories The large internal memory offers room to store hundreds of your most precious memories. The DPFD70 has a 256MB internal memory that holds up to 500 images. The S-Frame enables you to save the data saved in its internal memory to other memory cards.

Fast beyond expectations What's even more impressive about the S-Frame is that it does all this quickly, without the frustration of waiting ages for images to load. All S-Frames offer fast image decoding, eliminating the frustration of waiting ages for images to load from memory cards or the internal memory. On models equipped with a BIONZ processor, this speed is truly phenomenal and even a 12-megapixel photo taken on a Cyber-shot W200 can be displayed in just 1.7 seconds. (For the D70 without BIONZ, images are displayed in 1.9 seconds.)

Create original photo albums The S-Frame offers you an endless variety of ways to create your own unique digital photo albums for yourself and friends. The photo album function copies data in memory cards, automatically resizing photos to optimum image size (equivalent to 1.5 megapixels) and storing them in the album's large internal memory, ready for instant replay.

The gift that keeps on giving One of the greatest joys you can give someone is a never-fading memory of a shared experience, or one that they missed. The S-Frame makes a perfect time capsule of such treasured moments. Simply load one with memories, repack it and send it to friends or family. All the receiver has to do is take the S-Frame out of the box and turn it on, and a pre-programmed slideshow will start automatically. The joy of giving was never easier.

Product Description
Experience full color, digital desk-top photos at an incredible value. This Sony Digital Photo Frame is a convenient device that lets you view and share your memories in brilliant, high-contrast color on a 7-inch LCD screen. You get 256MB of internal memory with optional image resizing to maximize internal memory, plus multiple display modes, including nine slideshow styles, to find the setting that you like most. A clock and a calendar is also included, and most memory card formats are supported.




















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Computer Maintenance Tips


Computer Maintenance Tips



Ten Tips to Keep your Computer Running Smoothly

1. Never, never, turn your computer off with the power switch until Windows has shut down.
The one exception to this rule is when your computer locks up and your hard drive is not running (hard drive light is not blinking). In this situation, you can turn the power off without harmful effects to the hard drive. As cutting the power can also result in lost data or Windows files, you should only do this when you have to.
Following this rule will prevent permanent hard drive defects caused by the hard drive heads contacting the surface of the drive disc, and it will prevent a host of Windows problems.Whenever possible, recover from crashes by pressing the Ctrl + Alt + Delete keys at the same time. Press them again to reboot your computer.

2. I highly recommend that you purchase an UPS (uninteruptable power supply) for your computer. This will keep your computer from crashing during power outages, and will protect your computer from low and high voltage occurrences.An UPS is far superior to a surge protector and will save your computer from almost any type of power disaster. (See #1 above for what happens when your computer crashes.)

3. Backup, backup, backup, any data you cannot afford to lose to at least two separate physical drives. So backup data to external hard drives, Zip disks, CD-RWs etc. The time to backup is when you create something you can't afford to lose. Don't wait until tomorrow.

4. Run Scandisk and Defragment at least once a month. This will keep your hard drive healthy and prevent crashes. Alternatively, purchase Norton Utilities and use it to keep your hard drive healthy.

5. Never unplug peripherals from the computer when it is powered up. Unplugging with the power on can short out the connector socket or the motherboard.
The only exception to this rule is if you know a peripheral is "hot pluggable". If you do not know what "hot pluggable" means then ignore this exception.

6. Do keep at least 300 MBs of your C: drive free for Windows to use. If you use Windows XP or Vista then you should have 400-600 MBs of free space on your C: drive.If you do not have enough free space you will choke Windows and it will start dumping data to your hard drive, or it will just get really, really, slow.Use the ADD/Delete tool in the Windows Control Panel to delete unneeded programs from your drive. You can also use Cleansweep included in Norton Utilities to clean up your drive. If you do use Cleansweep or another hard drive cleaner, do not delete shared files unless you back them up. The cleaners do a rotten job of knowing if another program uses shared files.

7. Do not let a lot of programs load up when you start your computer. They use valuable memory and Windows Resources (Windows internal workspace). All programs in your Windows System Tray (in the lower left of your screen) are running on your computer. Close them if you don't need them or run them and configure them not to load when you boot up. Other programs running in the background can be found by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Delete at the same time.

8. Do use a virus checker regularly. Everyone should use a virus checker. The best type of protection is continuous monitoring from a dedicated anti-virus program like Norton Antivirus. The second best thing is to use is the free online virus checkers such as Housecall provided by Trend Micro.

9. If you have a high speed Internet connection you need a firewall program. A firewall program keeps those who want to hijack your computer from gaining access to your system. You really do not want someone else running your computer.I suggest you purchase and run Norton's Personal Firewall program. Your firewall should boot up with your computer to protect it from invasion.
Case in point: When I am online 10 hours or more with my DSL connection, my computer is usually attacked by a hacker at least once. Do not think you are safe from hackers!! Hackers use search programs to seek out computers at random. Get a firewall program and use it.

10. Keep track of the software disks you receive with your computer and new peripherals. These disks contain valuable software drivers and programs for Windows and are needed when Windows must be reloaded. Keep these disks and your Windows software disks in a safe, dry, place -- you never know when you will need them.

Hopefully these computer maintenance tips will keep you out of trouble.






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Acer Aspire One 8.9-inch Mini Laptop

>> Jumat, 05 Desember 2008

Acer Aspire One 8.9-inch Mini Laptop (1.6 GHz Intel Atom N270 Processor, 1 GB RAM, 160 GB Hard Drive, XP Home, 6 Cell Battery) Sapphire Blue





Product Description
Product DescriptionA great choice for business travelers who like to travel light as well as those who need extra-long battery life, this affordable ultra-lightweight Acer Aspire One (LU.S050B.133) weighs just over 2 pounds and is packed with a 160 GB hard drive and Windows XP operating system. It has a vibrant 8.9-inch CrystalBrite WSVGA LED backlit display, integrated webcam for easy video chatting, an instant-on feature that powers up the notebook in less than 15 seconds from when you switch it on, and Intel's latest mobile processor--the Atom. Offering a cool deep blue hue, the netbook's smooth surface is comfortable to touch, and it's accented with distinctive details, such as the attractive orange hinge ring.
A great choice for light-packing business travlers, it comes with Windows XP Home, a 160 GB hard drive, and a 6-cell batter for up to 5.5 hours of battery life.
The integrated webcam at the top of the screen's bezel provides easy access to video chatting.
Weighing just 2.17 pounds, the stylish Acer Aspire One goes anywhere with you.Designed especially for mobile devices, the 1.6 GHz Intel Atom processor uses a brand new design structure new hafnium-infused circuitry--which reduces electrical current leakage in transistors--to conserve energy, giving you more time away from the wall outlet--up to 5.5 hours with the included 6-cell battery. Other features include 1 GB of installed RAM (1.5 GB maximum), 54g Wi-Fi networking (802.11b/g), multi-format memory card reader, multiple USB ports, and built-in email, web browsing, and digital media applications.
It comes preinstalled with the Microsoft Windows XP Home operating system, which offers more experienced users an enhanced and innovative experience that incorporates Windows Live features like Windows Live Messenger for instant messaging and Windows Live Mail for consolidated email accounts on your desktop.
ProcessorThe Intel Atom processor uses a brand new design structure that packs in 47 million transistors into a single chip sized at just 22mm (0.87 inches), and it uses just 2.5 watts of power--less than 1/10 of the 35 watts used by an Intel Core 2 Duo processor--for excellent battery management. This 1.6 GHz Atom N270 processor also includes a power-optimized front side bus of 533 MHz for faster data transfer on demanding mobile applications and a 512 KB L2 cache (which temporarily stores data).
StorageThis version of the Aspire One comes with a 160 GB hard disk drive (5400 RPM), which offers enough to room to hold a digital audio library of over 26,000 songs and still have room left over for movies, games, and a large collection of software. This Serial ATA (SATA) hard drive also quickens the pace with a higher speed transfer of data--akin to Firewire and USB 2.0.
MemoryThe 1 GB of installed RAM (512 MB onboard memory and one 512 MB DIMM, 533 MHz) can be expanded to a maximum of 1.5 GB of RAM,
DVD/CD DriveBecause of its size, the Aspire One does not come with an integrated optical drive, but optional CD/DVD read/write drives can be connected to the laptop via one of the three USB ports, enabling you to create your music mixes, burn movies to DVD, and more.
ConnectivityThis Acer Aspire One notebook has an integrated 54g wireless LAN (Acer InviLink) that's compatible with 802.11b and 802.11g networks and offers Acer's SignalUp technology for enhanced antenna efficiency. This notbook provides the following connections:
3 USB 2.0 ports for connecting a wide range of peripherals--from digital cameras to MP3 players
Secure Digital (SD) card reader, also compatible with MultiMedia cards (MMCs)
Multi-in-one card reader supports SD, MMC, Memory Stick/Memory Stick PRO, and XD Picture Cards
1 VGA monitor port
1 headphone jack and 1 microphone jack
RJ-45 port for 10/100 Fast Ethernet connection
Screen, Video and AudioThe 8.9-inch screen has a WSVGA resolution (1024 x 600) and support for up a 262K color depth. Video is powered by the Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950, which uses shared video memory with the main memory. Acer's CrystalBrite display technology guarantees the best possible visual experience by preventing the diffusion of surrounding light and internal ray. Compared to normal TFT LCDs, Acer CrystalBrite technology is able to read color coordinates more accurately, thus minimizing distortion and creating high-fidelity colors in all environments.
This notebook includes an integrated audio card with Microsoft DirectSound compatibility, and it includes two stereo speakers.
What's in the BoxThis package contains the Acer Aspire One notebook PC (AOA150-1447; LU.S050B.133), rechargeable 6-cell lithium-ion battery, AC adapter, and operating instructions. It is backed by a limited warranty for parts and labor for one year from date of purchase. Product DescriptionAcer redefines mobile connectivity with the Aspire one, a netbook (or mini-notebook) packed with fun and powerful computing features in a diminutive 8.9" form factor weighing as little as 2.2 lb. Aimed at business professionals, students and world travelers, it offers a choice of operating systems, wireless connectivity, Internet access, built-in webcam and the storage space needed for digital photos. It's time to simplify your life with the Aspire one.

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Tips Before Buying a Netbook or Notebook

1.Match with your necessary and your budgetBefore buying Netbook, you must know your needs. If you need for presentation, surfing and office job or don’t use too heavy operation software, you should buy netbook. And also you must match with your budget.

2.You can buy netbook with screen size 8.9 inch, or bigger.When you buy netbook, look at the screen size. It’s better you choose netbook with screen size 8.9 inch. Smaller size will make you feel uncomfortable when you use netbook to work, because you can’t look full site page.
3.Look at, your choice netbook is supported by battery 6 cell.By using battery 6 cell will give you more time or long time to work and can finish your duty, such as Asus Eee PC 1000 and Asus Eee pc 901 that have long lasting battery.
4.Try the netbook keypad, make sure that the keypad gives comfortable for your finger.Before deciding to take netbook, you should try to use keypad, if your finger feels comfort when using netbook. It means that the netbook you choose is suitable for you.You must check what software is installed at the netbook. Choose the netbook that use suitable software with your needs like windows XP and Linux.

5.Consider the price of netbook.Mostly, netbook will offer with price less than US$ 500. If the price of netbook is more than US$ 500, consider your need to buy netbook or not at that time. Because the price is nearly price of Laptop that has complete feature.
6.Consider features in the netbook.Check the features in the netbook, what features are needed at your job and support your job.

Netbooks (also called "subnotebooks" or "mini notebooks") lack the power of a traditional notebook computer, but have more than enough muscle to provide web access, handle word processing, and even play your digital movies and music files. Best of all, netbooks are smaller than most school textbooks and usually cost less than $600.
Netbooks aren't designed to be your primary computer. Rather, they're designed to be your "mobile companion" that provides quick internet access and basic computing needs whenever you need it. Most students who use a netbook in class will also want a full-featured notebook or desktop at home or in the dorm room.

Netbooks (also called "subnotebooks" or "mini notebooks") lack the power of a traditional notebook computer, but have more than enough muscle to provide web access, handle word processing, and even play your digital movies and music files. Best of all, netbooks are smaller than most school textbooks and usually cost less than $600.
Netbooks aren't designed to be your primary computer. Rather, they're designed to be your "mobile companion" that provides quick internet access and basic computing needs whenever you need it. Most students who use a netbook in class will also want a full-featured notebook or desktop at home or in the dorm room.

Dell Inspiron Mini 9
The Dell Inspiron Mini 9 is an 8.9" netbook with a $349 (Linux) or $399 (Windows XP) starting price and some impressive features. The Mini 9 features the Intel Atom processor, solid state drive (SSD) storage, and a sleek design. Ultimately, the Dell Inspiron Mini 9 is a fabulous netbook that is sure to end up on many Christmas lists this year, but there's also a lot of competition.

Acer Aspire One
Weighing just 2.17 pounds and measuring 9.8 x 6.7 x 1.14-inches, Aspire one is lightweight and compact for easy travel. The Aspire one features an 8.9-inch CrystalBrite WSVGA LED backlit display with a resolution of 1024x600 pixels, a standard 3-cell battery or optional 6-cell battery, and a NAND flash module of 8GB with an additional SD card slot for smart storage expansion or a 120GB internal hard drive.





Asus Eee PC 1000

The 1000 series of netbooks is one of the latest additions to the Eee PC family of mini notebooks. Featuring a 10" display, Intel Atom processor, large hard drive, an a larger keyboard than any previous Eee PC, the 1000 series promises to raise the bar for this category of laptops.

Lenovo IdeaPad S10
The Lenovo IdeaPad S10 is a 10-inch netbook with a $439 starting price and some impressive features (such as an ExpressCard slot for expansion) that help place it a step above the competition. The S10 combines the surprisingly capable Intel Atom processor with a standard hard drive. While budget SSDs are nice, most consumers can't get over the limited storage capacity of SSDs and that is why hard drives still have a place in netbooks. On the other hand, the S10 still suffers from some of the same limitations as other netbooks: relatively high temperatures, small battery, and a cramped screen and keyboard. Ultimately, the Lenovo IdeaPad S10 is a great ultra-portable laptop priced below $500.



HP Mini 1000
The HP Mini 1000 is the consumer version of the HP 2133 Mini-Note and has an Intel Atom processor, 8.9-inch or 10-inch diagonal display, 512MB-2GB of DDR2 SDRAM, and a range of storage options. More importantly, it has the same keyboard used on the 2133 Mini-Note: the best keyboard we've seen on any of the netbooks currently on the market ... something extremely important for students who are constantly typing notes or papers in class

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Dell pc

>> Kamis, 04 Desember 2008


DELL
The XPS 730x is available with Dell’s patented two-stage H2C cooling system to keep your overclocked1 CPU and chipset cool and collected. The innovative H2C hybrid solution combines a liquid radiator, a thermoelectric cooling module and control circuitry, which optimizes CPU cooling with minimal power consumption.
The XPS 730x puts more control in your hands with the new XPS Thermal Monitor utility. Factory installed on all XPS 730x systems, the XPS Thermal Monitor utility gives you the ability to edit and profile the chassis fan settings so you can fine tune your thermal performance.
The XPS 730x packs all of its punch into a rock-solid, ATX-compliant chassis available in Brushed Aluminum, Anodized Victory Red or Stealth Blue with optional X-panel side covers.
Customize your lighting with Alienware’s cutting-edge AlienFX software. Designed from the ground up to support the XPS 730x platform, AlienFX gives the user an intuitive interface to set each of the five chassis LED zones to one of 16 colors. Millions of unique color combinations are at your fingertips.
Features
• Intel Core i7 920/940/965 processor
• Intel X-58 Chipset
• Single card - ATI Radeon HD4850, NVIDIA GeForce 9800GT, NVIDIA GeForce GXT280
• Dual card - ATI Radeon HD4850 CrossFireX
• Up to 6GB DDR3 1066MHz memory
• Several hard drive options
• Gigabit Ethernet
• 7.1/5.1 HD Audio
• Windows XP or Windows Vista
Review By Computershopper
How much cash are you willing to pay for your flash? With the release of Intel’s new Core i7 family of processors, which brings terrific performance out of the stratospheric price ranges where it’s too often been trapped in recent years, that question is going to be of increasing importance. Since outstanding machines can now be built from middle-of-the-road CPUs, even in the gaming-desktop category, the balance between green and glitz is going to be more crucial than ever. A machine like Dell’s new XPS 730x is right on the edge.
Read Full Review Here
Review By Tomshardware
Dell has left the XPS chassis true to its previous models, so there’s no huge change here. However, some minor adjustments have been made to the chassis thermal monitoring system. All important system statistics can be viewed in real time via the XPS Thermal Monitor utility with the ability to drag and drop individual fan or temperature monitoring widgets anywhere on the desktop. The XP Thermal Monitoring application runs in the background and uses very little resources since all of its operations are handles by a dedicated chip.
Read Full Review Here
Review By Hothardware
The XPS’ lighting system also recives an update, this time with some borrowed technology from Alienware. The XPS 730x supports the AlienFX utility which lets you control and finely tune the XPS’ multi-zone, multi-color LED lighting system or disable it altogether for that ’stealth’ look. Each zone can be assigned a specific color and event-driven lighting is also supported allowing you to set zone lighting to change automatically when programs are launched or mail is received.
Read Full Review Here
Review By Compreviews
The graphics of the XPS 730H2X are held back more by what Dell has to offer customers in graphics cards. ATI has made significant strides in catching up to NVIDIA in the performance department, but the latest Radeon HD 3870 cards still fall behind the GeForce 8800 and 9800 series cards for raw performance. The mystery is why Dell doesn’t offer the higher end 9800 GTX and 9800 GX2 cards currently. This of course could change but until it does, there are some higher performance platforms available.
Read Full Review Here
Review By Pcmag
The XPS 730 also sleeps well. It consumes only 4 watts in sleep mode and 2W while off. This still doesn’t make the unit a green PC, because the XPS 730 uses 278W while idle, but that’s about average for a gaming box, considering all the bells and whistles it comes with. You can’t be all that energy efficient when you have three hard drives, four GPUs, a quad-core processor, and all that lighting to power. The power usage jumped to a whopping 362W when under load on the CineBench test. For kicks, I also checked the system informally while it was running the 3DMark06 demo at 2,560-by-1,600 resolution, and the power consumption was over 600 watts.
Read Full Review Here
Review By Electronista
A base system at $2,599 sports a 2.93GHz processor, 3GB of memory, a 640GB hard drive, a Radeon HD 4850 for video and a Creative SoundBlaster X-Fi for audio. Besides options carried over from the Studio XPS, the XPS 730x also gets variants with liquid cooling, GeForce GTX 280 or Radeon HD 4870 X2 video, and more exotic storage that can include 2TB RAID 0+1 split across four drives or a 300GB Western Digital Velociraptor for raw performance.

Read Full Review Here
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source :pclaptop-review.com

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Digital Camera


Nikon unleashes the D3X

If the 12 Megapixel resolution of the Nikon D3 just isn't enough for you (and you have a lot of disposable income), then listen up. Today, Nikon announced the new D3X, which puts a whopping 24.5 full-frame Megapixel CMOS sensor into the D3's rugged body. Here are the highlights of this Megapixel Monster:
Nikon D3X
24.5 effective Megapixel, full-frame CMOS sensor
EXPEED image processing system
Supports all Nikon F-mount lenses; DX-format lenses will have a 1.5x focal length conversion ratio
Ultra-rugged body resists dust, moisture, and shock; shutter rated to 300,000 cycles
3-inch LCD display with 920,000 pixels; live view supported
Optical viewfinder has 0.7x magnification and 100% coverage
Full manual controls (obviously)
ISO range of 100 - 1600, expandable to 50 - 6400 (yes, that's a lot smaller than on the D3)
51-point autofocus system, with 3D subject tracking
Can shoot continuously at up to 5 fps in FX-format, 7 fps in DX-format
Numerous RAW formats supported (12-bit, 14-bit, compressed, uncompressed, etc)
Virtual horizon (from D3) can now be superimposed over live view
Active D-Lighting improves image contrast as the photo is taken
5:4 aspect ratio allows for easy 8 x 10 shooting
Dual CompactFlash Type II slots (UDMA-enabled)
HDMI output
Optional GPS and wireless transmitter
Uses EN-EL4 or EN-EL4A battery; takes a whopping 4400 shots per charge
Shipping in December for under $8000
It's worth a mention that the original D3 isn't going anywhere -- it will continue to be sold.

NIKON UNVEILS A DIGITAL MASTERPIECE: THE D3X DIGITAL SLR
With Extreme 24.5-Megapixel Resolution, Processed Image Files Exceeding 138 MB, Five Frame-per-Second Burst Speed and Nikon Core Technologies, the D3X Ushers in a New Level of Image Quality

Nikon Inc. today announced the D3X, an FX-format digital SLR featuring extreme 24.5-megapixel resolution and superb low-noise capabilities, which provides professional photographers with commercial-quality image performance in a familiar and extraordinarily versatile D-SLR form factor. In conjunction with the groundbreaking Nikon FX-format D3, the D3X tops off a collection of flagship level, rugged, professional caliber digital single lens reflex cameras engineered to excel in all types of professional photographic disciplines from photojournalism and sideline sports, to commercial in-studio applications.
The foundation of the enhanced performance of the D3X is its FX-format, 24.5-megapixel (6048 x 4032) CMOS sensor providing commercial, high fashion, fine art and landscape photographers with the extreme resolution, dynamic range, color depth, detail and sharpness that clients demand. Whether creating catalogs, magazine covers, billboards or gallery prints, the large 5.49-micron pixel size and high signal to noise ratio produces vibrant images with breathtaking image fidelity while reducing lost highlights and shadows, and ensuring smoother tone reproduction with minimized noise. With full resolution shooting speeds of up to five frames-per-second (fps), and 14-bit files, that when processed are approximately 138 MB, the D3X offers today's photographic artists an extreme level of performance and versatility ready for demanding assignments in the studio or on location.
“In 2007, the 12.1-megapixel FX-format D3 delivered groundbreaking digital SLR image quality, coupled with incomparable high ISO, low noise performance and high-speed handling. In doing so, the D3 broke photographic barriers, enabling photographers to work in ways never before possible,” said Edward Fasano, general manager for Marketing, SLR Systems Products at Nikon Inc. “Now, the new 24.5-megapixel FX-format D3X D-SLR provides the extreme resolution and high dynamic range capabilities needed to meet the extraordinary needs of photographic disciplines such as high fashion, commercial advertising and fine art. The D3X delivers this remarkable capability while fitting seamlessly within the Nikon system, taking full advantage of Nikon’s world-renowned collection of NIKKOR lenses and Speedlights.”
Image Quality Takes Center Stage
To re-emphasize the importance of image quality above all else, the D3X delivers an incredible level of digital SLR performance to provide photographers with extremely high resolution, exceptional dynamic range, phenomenal total gradation and outstanding color reproduction. Image files can be recorded as TIFF, JPEG or NEF (RAW) formats in either 12- or 14-bit compressed or uncompressed formats, and recorded to UDMA compatible CompactFlash™ cards for optimum speed. Photographers can save image files directly to the dual card slots as overflow, backup, or as separate file formats to different cards. Building on the D3X's flexibility, users have the creative option to shoot in the 5:4 crop mode with 20.4-megapixel resolution, the ideal format for creating 8 x 10-inch portraits. While using DX-format lenses, faster continuous shooting of up to seven frames per second can be achieved at a resolution of 10.5 megapixels.
The exceptionally low noise of the D3X is essential to any professional commercial application, and it provides photographers with an ISO range of 100 to 1600, expandable to 50 (Lo-1) and 6400 (Hi-2). The ultra smooth tones and lack of grain at ISO 1600 as well as at low sensitivity settings result in smooth, natural skin tones and exacting detail that, before the D3X, required larger and far costlier studio-bound camera systems.

Advanced Technologies, Meticulously Executed
In a commercial setting or on location, imaging professionals need high performance in both speed and processing. The Nikon D3X can shoot at up to five fps at full resolution or up to seven fps in DX crop mode, allowing photographers to catch the split-second difference in a model’s expression or capture all of the action in a sequence. Just like the D3, the D3X achieves a start-up time of a mere 0.12 seconds and a shutter release time lag of 0.04 seconds.
The D3X’s speed, as well as high levels of performance, leverages Nikon core technologies including a newly enhanced EXPEEDTM Image Processing System, specially designed for the D3X to provide superior image quality, faster processing speeds and lower power consumption. This advanced system is able to achieve extremely precise color reproduction for a broad spectrum of hues, in addition to vivid saturation and smooth gradation. What’s more, Nikon’s advanced noise processing function is engineered to minimize noise at all sensitivities and operate seamlessly without interfering with other image color parameters.

The D3X also features Nikon’s exclusive Scene Recognition System, which continuously analyzes information from the 1,005-pixel RGB light sensor, to further refine auto exposure, auto white balance and autofocus calculations. This results in flattering portraits and awe-inspiring landscapes that portray accurate color and fine details. Nikon's exclusive 3D Color Matrix Metering II helps ensure accurate exposures, even in the most challenging lighting conditions. Instantly evaluating each scene before capture, input data from the system's sensor is automatically referenced against an internal database of more than 30,000 images derived from actual photographs to calculate correct exposure values. Active D-Lighting, used in combination with 3D Matrix Metering II, helps to determines proper exposure, and creates realistic contrast while compensating for lost shadows and highlights. Prior to shooting, users can choose from Extra High, High, Normal, Low or Off settings, as well as an Auto mode.

Additionally, the D3X features Nikon’s exclusive Multi-CAM 3500FX focus module, with 51 AF points, 15 cross type sensors and 36 horizontal sensors that easily track and lock onto moving subjects, delivering the same fast and accurate AF performance that helped make the D3 immediately successful. Users can select any of the AF points, making it easy to consistently attain accurate focus right on a subject’s eyes, frame after frame. Additionally, three AF-area modes – Single point, Dynamic-area AF and Auto-area AF – are available to maximize the use of the 51 focus points by selecting the most suitable one to match subject conditions. AF is also available in one of two Live View modes optimized for the studio, including a phase detection handheld mode and a tripod mode. This feature allows the user to zoom in up to 27x on the LCD screen to ensure critical focus. While in Live View, the graphic indication of a virtual horizon is also available, making it easier than ever to confirm camera orientation.
To further ensure each photographer's ability to balance their personal style, Nikon’s Picture Control System enables users to adjust their images to pre-set parameters such as Standard, Neutral, Vivid and Monochrome that apply tweaks to image sharpening, tone compensation, brightness, overall tone and
saturation. Photographers have creative control over these image parameters with the use of up to nine available customizable presets.

Synchronizing Both Form and Function
Engineered for real-world functionality, the D3X retains a rugged shell with moisture, dust and shock resistance that has become a hallmark of flagship Nikon D-SLRs, while preserving the usability and ergonomics that allow the camera to remain an extension of the photographer’s vision. Attention to detail goes so far as to include a self-diagnostic shutter system that is tested to exceed 300,000 cycles for maximum durability and longevity. The camera’s body also maintains the resilient magnesium alloy construction and form factor of the D3, promoting consistent Nikon system synergy.
A bright and accurate viewfinder offers 100 percent coverage with 0.7x magnification. The body also houses Nikon’s acclaimed 3.0-inch super density LCD screen, now relied upon by so many photographers. The high-resolution 920,000-dot screen is viewable at wide angles up to 170 degrees, and will allow photographers to quickly zoom in to confirm critical focus. Users can also output the video signal to an external display via HDMI to allow client viewing. Thanks to incredibly efficient internal circuitry, the D3X can capture up to 4400* shots per single charge of the camera’s Lithium ion battery.

System Strength Withstands the Test of Time
The D3X is fully compatible with Nikon’s Creative Lighting System (CLS) to give photographers a mobile lighting solution that is easy to manage. To further enhance mobility, the D3X is compatible with Nikon’s GP-1 GPS receiver to gather information such as latitude, longitude, altitude and date of shooting. Photographers can easily shoot tethered via USB, or use the WT-4a wireless transmitter to send images wirelessly when speed and mobility are essential. D3X users will also enjoy the system strength of more than 50 genuine NIKKOR lenses that provide outstanding sharpness and high resolution across a broad range of focal lengths.

source : dcresource.com

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Transistor


Transistor
In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be much larger than the controlling (input) power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal. The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is used in radio, telephone, computer and other electronic systems. Some transistors are packaged individually but most are found in integrated circuits.


Usage
For a basic guide to the operation of transistors, see How a transistor works.
In the early days of transistor circuit design, the bipolar junction transistor, or BJT, was the most commonly used transistor. Even after MOSFETs became available, the BJT remained the transistor of choice for digital and analog circuits because of their ease of manufacture and speed. However, desirable properties of MOSFETs, such as their utility in low-power devices, have made them the ubiquitous choice for use in digital circuits and a very common choice for use in analog circuits.
BJT used as an electronic switch, in grounded-emitter configuration
Amplifier circuit, standard common-emitter configuration
Switches
Transistors are commonly used as electronic switches, for both high power applications including switched-mode power supplies and low power applications such as logic gates.

Amplifiers
From mobile phones to televisions, vast numbers of products include amplifiers for sound reproduction, radio transmission, and signal processing. The first discrete transistor audio amplifiers barely supplied a few hundred milliwatts, but power and audio fidelity gradually increased as better transistors became available and amplifier architecture evolved.
Transistors are commonly used in modern musical instrument amplifiers, in which circuits up to a few hundred watts are common and relatively cheap. Transistors have largely replaced valves (electron tubes) in instrument amplifiers. Some musical instrument amplifier manufacturers mix transistors and vacuum tubes in the same circuit, to utilize the inherent benefits of both devices.
Computers
The "first generation" of electronic computers used vacuum tubes (also called "electron tubes"), which generated large amounts of heat, were bulky, and were unreliable. The development of the transistor was key to computer miniaturization and reliability. The "second generation" of computers, through the late 1950s and 1960s featured boards filled with individual transistors and magnetic memory cores. Subsequently, transistors, other components, and their necessary wiring were integrated into a single, mass-manufactured component: the integrated circuit.

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Diode

>> Rabu, 03 Desember 2008

Zener Diode
A Zener diode is a type of diode that permits current in the forward direction like a normal diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage known as "Zener knee voltage" or "Zener voltage". The device was named after Clarence Zener, who discovered this electrical property.
A conventional solid-state diode will not allow significant current if it is reverse-biased below its reverse breakdown voltage. When the reverse bias breakdown voltage is exceeded, a conventional diode is subject to high current due to avalanche breakdown. Unless this current is limited by external circuitry, the diode will be permanently damaged. In case of large forward bias (current in the direction of the arrow), the diode exhibits a voltage drop due to its junction built-in voltage and internal resistance. The amount of the voltage drop depends on the semiconductor material and the doping concentrations.
A Zener diode exhibits almost the same properties, except the device is specially designed so as to have a greatly reduced breakdown voltage, the so-called Zener voltage. A Zener diode contains a heavily doped p-n junction allowing electrons to tunnel from the valence band of the p-type material to the conduction band of the n-type material. In the atomic scale, this tunneling corresponds to the transport of valence band electrons into the empty conduction band states; as a result of the reduced barrier between these bands and high electric fields that are induced due to the relatively high levels of dopings on both sides. A reverse-biased Zener diode will exhibit a controlled breakdown and allow the current to keep the voltage across the Zener diode at the Zener voltage. For example, a diode with a Zener breakdown voltage of 3.2 V will exhibit a voltage drop of 3.2 V if reverse bias voltage applied across it is more than its Zener voltage. However, the current is not unlimited, so the Zener diode is typically used to generate a reference voltage for an amplifier stage, or as a voltage stabilizer for low-current applications.
symboland structur diode




grafik

. The breakdown voltage can be controlled quite accurately in the doping process. While tolerances within 0.05% are available, the most widely used tolerances are 5% and 10%.
Another mechanism that produces a similar effect is the avalanche effect as in the avalanche diode. The two types of diode are in fact constructed the same way and both effects are present in diodes of this type. In silicon diodes up to about 5.6 volts, the Zener effect is the predominant effect and shows a marked negative temperature coefficient. Above 5.6 volts, the avalanche effect becomes predominant and exhibits a positive temperature coefficient.
In a 5.6 V diode, the two effects occur together and their temperature coefficients neatly cancel each other out, thus the 5.6 V diode is the component of choice in temperature-critical applications.
Modern manufacturing techniques have produced devices with voltages lower than 5.6 V with negligible temperature coefficients, but as higher voltage devices are encountered, the temperature coefficient rises dramatically. A 75 V diode has 10 times the coefficient of a 12 V diode.
All such diodes, regardless of breakdown voltage, are usually marketed under the umbrella term of "Zener diode".

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Capasitor

Capasitor
capacitor is a passive electrical component that can store energy in the electric field between a pair of conductors (called "plates"). The process of storing energy in the capacitor is known as "charging", and involves electric charges of equal magnitude, but opposite polarity, building up on each plate. A capacitor's ability to store charge is measured by its capacitance, in units of farads.
Capacitors are often used in electric and electronic circuits as energy-storage devices. They can also be used to differentiate between high-frequency and low-frequency signals. This property makes them useful in electronic filters. Practical capacitors have series resistance, internal leakage of charge, series inductance and other non-ideal properties not found in a theoretical, ideal, capacitor.
Capacitors are occasionally referred to as condensers. This term is considered archaic in English, but most other languages use a cognate of condenser to refer to a capacitor.
A wide variety of capacitors (see photos) have been invented, including small electrolytic capacitors used in electronic circuits, basic parallel-plate capacitors, mechanical variable capacitors, and the early Leyden jars, among numerous other types of capacitors.

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Resistor

Resistor
A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component designed to oppose an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the current, that is, in accordance with Ohm's law: V = IR. The resistance R is equal to the voltage drop V across the resistor divided by the current I through the resistor.
Resistors are characterized primarily by their resistance and the power they can dissipate. Other characteristics include temperature coefficient, noise, and inductance. Practical resistors can be made of resistive wire, and various compounds and films, and they can be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits. Size, and position of leads are relevant to equipment designers; resistors must be physically large enough not to overheat when dissipating their power. Variable resistors, adjustable by changing the position of a tapping on the resistive element, and resistors with a movable tap ("potentiometers"), either adjustable by the user of equipment or contained within, are also used.
Resistors are used as part of electrical networks and electronic circuits.
There are special types of resistor whose resistance varies with various quantities, most of which have names, and articles, of their own: the resistance of thermistors varies greatly with temperature, whether external or due to dissipation, so they can be used for temperature or current sensing; metal oxide varistors drop to a very low resistance when a high voltage is applied, making them suitable for over-voltage protection; the resistance of a strain gauge varies with mechanical load; the resistance of photoresistors varies with illumination; the resistance of a Quantum Tunnelling Composite can vary by a factor of 1012 with mechanical pressure applied; and so on.

Units
The ohm (symbol: Ω) is the SI unit of electrical resistance, named after Georg Ohm. The most commonly used multiples and submultiples in electrical and electronic usage are the milliohm, ohm, kilohm, and megohm.
On circuit diagrams the value may be written in "SI Notation" with the multiplier replacing the decimal point. So "2k5" means 2.5 kilo ohms

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Instruction Basic Electronics


Component

Very often electronic components are mechanically stabilized, improved in insulation properties and protected from environmental influence by being enclosed in synthetic resin
Components may be Passive or Active:
Passive components are those that do not have gain or directionality. [1] In the Electrical industry they are called Electrical elements or electrical components
Active components are those that have gain or directionality, in contrast to passive components, which have neither. They include Semiconductors (Solid State Devices) and Thermionic Valves (Vacuum Tubes)

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